Integrated source-risk and uncertainty assessment for metals contamination in sediments of an urban river system in eastern China

Integrated source apportionment and risk assessment of metals is great importance for contamination control remediation at the regional watershed scale. To identify metal sources source-specific ecological risks, sediments were collected in Wen-Rui Tang urban analysis. Risk showed considerable extremely high Cu Cd with large spatial variation. Positive matrix factorization model extracted three main reasonable prediction efficacy concentrations. Due to different toxicity coefficients various metals, low concentration contribution factor 2 (27.2%) contributed 83.7% total risk, while a loading 3 (40.8%) only 4.6% risk. Predicted was similar determined level Cr, Ni Pb; however, predicted decreased Zn had increased Triangular fuzzy number (TFN) coupled stochastic simulation elevated trend when compared The uncertainties evaluation appear result from variations Source specific-risk results suggest that strategies may be required address mitigation concentrations versus